How Cell Phones Changed Our Lives - 2832 Words

All of the changes we as a society have adjusted to over the past few decades have created revolutionary milestones for our everyday lifestyles and habits. Thanks to these advancements, we are also given a glimpse of what our society may become in the near and distant future. One of the most evolutionary aspects to today’s society is the cell-phone. As of today, our society most definitely takes the idea of cell-phones for granted, since they are now so easily accessible and common. But cell-phones weren’t nearly as useful and convenient to society decades ago. Throughout the nearly seventeen years of my life, I have observed how much society has improved technologically. How cell-phones became such an important part of our everyday lives is the idea that I am most curious about. Before researching, I knew basic information about cell-phones: how they were less common years ago, and they were much bigger with extremely basic functions. I wanted to expand my knowledge on this topic because cell-phones are becoming more essential for everyday work and/or tasks. I also wanted to know how one of the most important and used devices of our generation came to be. Not only did I want to explore the evolution of the cell-phone, but I also wanted to research the Apple Company more in depth as well. Their products have constantly and successfully introduced and displayed revolutionary advancements to how society views technology, especially when it comes to the cell-phone. Music is myShow MoreRelatedHow the Cell Phone Has Changed Our Lives Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesHow the Cell Phone has Changed our Lives The cell phone, or mobile phone, has become a large part of our American culture. You see them wherever you go, and in the hands of every group dynamic. This technology seems to have appeared overnight, and it is probably going to be with us for a very long time. They are used for both personal and business demand, and have an interesting future as well. Our lives have changed quite dramatically with the invention of the cell phone, with both good and arguablyRead Morecell phones: how have they changed us socially927 Words   |  4 Pages Cell phones: How Have They Changed Us Socially? Introduction Thesis Statement: Cell phones have socially changed our lifestyle and have greatly influenced our lives. Alternatively referred to as a cell, cellular, and cellular phone, a cell phone, which is also sometimes abbreviated as â€Å"cp† is a mobile phone or portable phone that enables a user to communicate almost anywhere in the world. The cell phone was invented by Dr. Martin Cooper who led a team of developers at Motorola and madeRead MoreWhat Makes A On Money And Cellphones Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesPeople today should learn to live more simply, as our ancestors did, with more reliance on what we can obtain from the environment and less reliance on material goods. Since technology and human development have advanced in exponential ways the last houndred years, the world can easily see how obsessed people have become with material goods. Things like computers, cellphones, televisions and money as well. Now the definition of happiness has changed for many. For some people having money is whatRead MoreCell Phone Use A Social Addiction939 Words   |  4 PagesToday’s society is a generation that is being raised on conveniences, and with this generation, cell phone use has exploded. Millions of people are obsessed with their cell phones and literally will not leave their house without it. People center everything they do around their cell phone. People are checking their text messages and social media day and night. They face time, tweet, Pinterest, Instagram, and Snapchat. Teens on their smartphones. Photo Credit Highwaystarz-Photography/iStock/GettyRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Communication955 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has changed the way individuals communicate and limits the number of face-to-face conversations. Technology affects the way individuals keep in contact with one another and it has taken over people’s lives. People have become more dependent on technology to function every day, and without it, their lives are incomplete. However, technology does not negatively affect communication in some circumstances. Miscommunication, emotional intelligence, and information technology are key characteristicsRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Our Social Life1590 Words   |  7 PagesThere are more cell phones than residents in Britain (computerweekly.com, 2007). The first cell phone was invented by Dr. Martin Cooper and John F Mitchell in 1973 (Wikipedia.com, 2014). Cell phone use has escalated over the years. Not only does cell phone usa ge affect the character traits of a person and their ability to hold regular, face to face conversations, it also affects a person’s ability to have healthy, stable relationships. Cell phones have changed from an item of luxury to an everydayRead MoreThe Effects Of Cell Phones On Our Lives1053 Words   |  5 Pagesyears that improve our everyday lives. The wide use of cell phones has caused a remarkable impact on physical, and social aspects of our life. Cell phones impacts have contributed positively to our lives, but still others have influenced negatively on our life. With technology, the way we communicate has changed over the past year with our smart phones we can surf the internet, check our social media accounts, use GPS, and text and call our families and friends. The cell phones have made a significantRead MoreIntroduction Para 1: On Christmas Day 2015, A Man In His1590 Words   |  7 Pagesinto his phone, this man pictured his world in the screen of his tiny devices and did not pay attention to what was in front of him, reality. This man ended up falling 60 feet off a cliff. The man died. Police used his death as a warning about the dangers of distracted walking as well as distracted driving(CBSN). So how distracted are we by the cell phone we use? Is the distraction enough to kill us? Introduction para 2: Take your first cell phone you ve ever had and the cell phone you haveRead MoreCell phones have truly changed our lives Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesI would choose cell phone as my cultural artifact. It has become such an important aspect of our lives making it the mainstay of todays society. The ever evolving technology of cell phone has made it so important in todays life that living without it seems tedious. Cell phones these days are more than just a device to communicate and talk to people. It has become a gadget that allows you to communicate via email, calls, and texts and even without balance in your cell phone you can now contactRead MoreCell Phones And Electronic Devices Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesEvidence of Cell phones and electronic devices are changing our notions of communication seen in â€Å"Dead Man’s Cell Phone† Today, in the society we are part of, we have the resources to communication in a variety of ways other than conventional in person conversations we are custom to. The main reason for this is because of the existence development of technology and the wide interest in this technology from people around the world. Technology is taking a vital role in our culture and they ways we

wedding planer swot analysis - 1160 Words

SWOT Analysis of MAYLOS, Luxury Wedding Planner SWOT analysis is a structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses which are internal factors of a company, and Opportunities, and Threats which are external factors, is a critical exercise for any business. For a wedding planner, this approach can help analyze current operations, identify areas of opportunity and compete effectively against other local wedding planners. A SWOT analysis helps to organize advertising objectives and tactics to build a strategy that has a high level of impact.Each year thousands of men and women get married. When getting married, couples basically have two main planning options. They can either plan their own wedding or they can†¦show more content†¦For example, if outdoor weddings are becoming more popular in your area, and you have vast experience in planning these events, an array of outdoor wedding venues you work with, or numerous wedding props suitable for an outdoor event, this could be an opportunity for your busin ess to grow. By identifying an opportunity in the marketplace, you can exploit that opening by gearing your messages towards that target market. ï‚ · We can create strategic relationships hotel sales managers, catering managers, and banquet facility managers. Thanks to these strategic relationships we will sustain long term growth. ï‚ · We can generate positive cash flow after the first several weddings. ï‚ · For a better yield, we can outsource wedding planner services to trusted partners. ï‚ · The price for someone who wants to start up a wedding planner business is about ten thousand euros, so is not very expensive to start this type of business. ï‚ · As a consultant, we do not need to purchase a great deal of inventory or have items in stock to show potential clients. ï‚ · With the approval of same-sex marriage in France since May 2013, there is a fast-growing marketplace that we have to conquer. Threats Threats differ from weaknesses in that a weakness is generally internal and a threat is external. For example, if there is proprietary wedding planning software that

An Overview Of Collaboration Procurement Construction Essay Free Essays

Procurement is a term which describes the activities undertaken by a client or employer who is demanding to convey about the building or renovation of a edifice. Procurement has great influence on the clip, cost and quality. The made-to-order nature of many building undertakings increases the built-in hazards. We will write a custom essay sample on An Overview Of Collaboration Procurement Construction Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now These hazards include finishing a undertaking which does non run into demands, which is delivered late or costs more than the client can pay or fund. All these hazards can impact the client ‘s nucleus concern, earnestly. The procurance scheme developed balance hazards against undertaking aims at an early phase of building. This method of procurance involves the contractor being responsible for design every bit good as building, it can be suited for all clients, including inexperient clients and those necessitating distance from the undertaking and cost certainty and faster path. It is of import at the beginning to guarantee that the field of treatment is clearly defined. One of the jobs that have beset this peculiar country of building research is a deficiency of clear definition. ( rowlison, steve ) As procurance the undertaking squad will be selected. After the undertaking squad has been selected the undertaking can come on through developing initial design work to fixing drawings and paperss to exemplify the undertaking, accomplishing be aftering consent, specifying criterions to be met and apportioning duties. During this period the client ( or undertaking patron or undertaking director ) should guarantee land purchase is completed on clip, if necessary guarantee the design procedure is consistent with the strategic brief, guarantee an internal decision-making system is in topographic point to avoid design holds. Keep the wider client organisation informed set up. An appropriate support model to guarantee payments can be made on clip. Construction stage will come on under the direction of the undertaking director or the undertaking squad. ( online ) Collaborative procurance is non popular but this method is increasing in the worldwide. Collaborative procurance is seen as horizontal coaction between different local governments during one or more stairss in the procurance procedure. In this method contact is made with different little companies with the regard of their forte. Through this procedure many companies take complete equipment and make their ain undertaking. Different advantages can be gained by collaborative procurance in footings of effectivity and efficiency. In this signifier the rate of success depend on the manner of organisation which is used. The collaborative procurance proposals are the manner to utilize the professional purchasing organisation by puting up a different companies in one panel and it drive to greater coordination, consistence and transparence. ( Online ) Partnership may hold somewhat different contents and range so coaction, but the lowest common is that the parties will work as a group jointly in any regard and that the parties must hold assurance in each other. The term collaborative contract, a definition of a collaborative contract is to be controlled by client and contractor and it is besides modulate the regular interaction between the client and a contractor. It besides makes the regular contact with contractor and adviser of different undertakings. Therefore the Collaboration procurance is really of import for multi undertakings. This client will salvage the clip and cost. Quality will besides better by doing contract with all specializers in their ain Fieldss. Method statement Introduction Nahar al-wafa Est. has the expertness and resources to transport out this developing undertaking and welcoming the chance of fall ining the professional squad during pre-tender phase. From our probe program of this undertaking will done on fast path method in the order to supply our clients with the complete contract at earliest possible day of the month together with high quality. Method statement Site constitution: Investigating the site is an of import undertaking ; a study will be done to transport out indispensable pre stamp work. Before the taking the duty of work all the job of bing site must be notified to client ‘s representative. During the probe of site, contact will be made with statutory governments to place the local existing services. Site Adjustment: Contact should be made to allow section sing the possible posing for adjustment. On the site after the completion of slab floor the full adjustment will be installed as followers: Client ‘s demand will stipulate on measure page Nahar AL-wafa Est Accommodation Provision for: undertaking executive building undertaking director, Site Agents, Engineers, Surveyors, General Forman and disposal. Welfare Facilities Canteen, Draying Room, Toilets and First assistance. Extra demand for chief sub contractor ‘s supervising offices and security office will setup on the demand. Site entree During the infrastructure work there is opportunity of hurt. So chief entree should from north gate and south gate should utilize for issue. For lading and droping trim country is available in the site. Materials Distribution In the order to run into the agenda and maximal coverage of site 2 Cranes will be suggested. It is besides suggested to put in the Cranes in early phase so it can be used in sub-structure work. Crain should be topographic point on rain force concrete construction. After doing the floor, riders and goods hoists should be distribute in all floors before taking the Cranes. Infrastructure works: Basement building would make with pilling. It is assumed that pile testing will be carried out to chief contract work with pilling plan. Extra clip for pilling trial will non be granted it is expected that successful pilling contractor would utilize at least three rigs. We have assumed that pre tiring pilling will non be indispensable and the advancement of pilling contractor will non enforce any consequence on other work. For velocity and efficiency, the retaining wall signifiers would be fabricated off site. Concrete universe should transport out with Cranes in the order to salvage clip and money. ( Construction Methods And Planning ) Ace construction: In the order to fast method a carefull survey of model systems is carried out in the relation to rapid advancement. The selected methods showed that it is verified to acquire best consequence in less clip. Aluma system will be used on the land slab which is portion of our strategy. This system can be installed rapidly. It will besides do the building visible radiation weight. For upper slabs we have planned for the usage of winging signifiers. Round signifier work to columns would be manufactured off site in glass reinforced plastic or steel to supply the quality coating required. Distribution of concrete support and signifier work for the frame would be by crane concrete. In the order for rapid building it is suggested to utilize nomadic concrete pumps. It will salvage the clip and cost every bit good. External envelope Due to the wellness and safety ground impermanent fencings barrier must be installed as a frame of building. It is really of import to procure the site. Curtain palisading type and industry is non being specified. Full research is non possible for the design and industry. It is designed harmonizing to the tendency of market. ( Construction Methods And Planning ) Site organisation construction: Organization of this site will be provided by the Nahr Al wafa est company. This company has the directors and technology. In assorted instances they been trained by the company and have established their place on varied undertakings over long periods. Training and employment of local people It is really of import that local people should use after some preparation. The divisional policy is to advance the formal preparation of employees at all degree. Most of these sort of preparations carried out in the houses with to the full equipped developing school. Engagement in external preparation strategies is supported and encouraged the immature people. For senior degree, the preparation is given about direction development. Health and safety: Division has the duties to do guarantee that the employs are working under safe system. The full safeguards measure has been taken and all the staff will non consequence by any operations. ( Construction Methods And Planning ) How to cite An Overview Of Collaboration Procurement Construction Essay, Essay examples

Nursing Care Plan Chronic Illnesses

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Care Plan for Chronic Illnesses. Answer: Introduction Chronic illness has been a major issue of concern in the society. It has been a major cause of death in different parts of the world. However, it should be acknowledged that chronic illnesses can be handled if adequate healthcare services are provided using appropriate intervention strategies. This paper presents and in-depth and critical analysis of Luigis care plan. Luigi is a 77-year old male patient who has been diagnosed with Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure. This is complex multimorbidity that requires a lot of attention to address. The paper looks at the recommended interventions, guiding principles and the roles of Registered Nurse in the patients treatment. Guiding Principles Chronic illnesses require attentive care of the healthcare providers. Whenever given an opportunity to serve a chronically-ill patient, a healthcare provider should dedicate time to offering high quality services. In fact, more attention should be given to patients with multimorbidity. This is what Luigi, who suffers from a combination of Type II Diabetes and chronic renal failure. For Luigi to properly manage his condition, he requires to be adequately assisted by a primary healthcare provider (Kirkman et al., 2012). This is the surest way through which the patient can learn to appreciate his condition, and acquire recommended coping and management skills. However, when discharging his duties, a primary healthcare provider needs to operate under the guidance of well-outlined principles. The first principle to apply is collaborative management. Here, the nurse should acknowledge that the multimorbidity condition of the patient requires a collaborative approach. Meaning, the nurse should not operate in isolation, but be ready to work with other professionals. The fact that Luigi suffers from a renal kidney failure and Type II Diabetes implies that he should be handled by different experts. It should therefore be incumbent upon the nurse to consult physicians, social workers, counselors, pharmacists, and other specialists (Vogeli, Shields, Lee, Gibson, Marder, Weiss Blumenthal, 2011). When necessary, the nurse should refer the case to these experts since they are knowledgeable on different areas. Before making any important decision, the nurse should seek the opinion of these experts because they have diverse knowledge that if put together, can help in providing high quality services to the patient. The other principle to apply when handling the patient is self-management. Despite getting an opportunity to serve Luigi, the nurse should not assume to be the sole decision maker. Instead, the nurse should be ready to cooperate with the patient and seek his opinion whenever necessary. This simply means that the nurse should deliver a patient-centered care that advocates for the involvement of the patient in the making of major decisions regarding his health. The principle of self-care can be achieved if the nurse takes the initiative to empower the patient (Schneider, ODonnell Dean, 2009). A patient like Luigi who suffers from a multimorbidity condition does not only need to be treated, but be given opportunity to acquire management and coping skills. It can empower the patient to be an active participant in the management of his condition. It can be much better if the patient extends the empowerment activities to the patients families and carers who are involved in his treatment. Last, but not least, the nurse should apply the principle of individualized care. As a professional, the nurse should always be versed with the information that the diverse nature of the society calls for flexibility in healthcare delivery. The uniqueness of each patient means that each situation is to be handled differently. Although it might be necessary to deliver group-based care, Luigis case can yield more results if individualized (Kirkman et al., 2012). If properly done, the nurse can get enough time to understand the uniqueness in his conditions, analyze his history and identify the most appropriate intervention to provide. It is no doubt that the individualization of cases is a better alternative for the patients with multimorbidity conditions. Roles of the Registered Nurse in the Acute Medical Ward in the Management of the Patient and His Family Chronic illness does not necessarily means that a patient cannot live. Since it is not a death sentence, all cases of chronic illness should be properly handled by a trained healthcare provider. The critical conditions of Luigi necessitate that he should continue to be admitted in the healthcare facility. Here, there are RNs and other specialists who can offer the necessary care. This is a clear proof that a RN is an exceptional professional who plays a very significant role in the treatment of chronic illnesses. For the entire period that Luigi will be in the acute ward, he will continue relying on the RN for the delivery of interventions. In other words, the RN will be charged with the responsibility of providing evidence-based care to the patient. Apart from assessing the patient, the RN is responsible for setting up a treatment plan for the patient. It is the RN, who coordinates the treatment process of the patient, organizes for medications, depression screening, and evaluates the patients compliance with the recommended medications (Hsu, Coleman, Ross, Johnson, Fishman, Larson Reid, 2012). All these are necessary activities that should be done to a chronically-ill patient. It is not possible for Luigi to manage his conditions without necessarily being guided by the RN. For this reason, the RN should always be available to closely monitor the patient and help him to deal with multimorbidity no matter how challenging it might be. The monitoring process should continue even when the patie nt is discharged from the hospital because the RN needs to follow-up the patient to ascertain his progress. The RN is also responsible for empowering the patient, his family and carers. The complex nature of the patients conditions implies that he cannot perfectly manage it without a proper guidance of the RN. The delivery of patient-centered care requires that the patient should be adequately empowered at all times. The RN should not tire from educating the patient and his family on important issues such as management, compliance and coping. These are sensitive issues that require adequate training by a specialist (Ludman Von Korff, 2012). Type II Diabetes is a chronic condition ha causes physiological, emotional and psychological changes in the life of the patient. Hence, while serving Luigi at the acute ward, the RN should create enough time to educate him. Similar services should be offered to the patients family who are also concerned about his health. Multidisciplinary Collaboration To effectively deliver high quality care to Luigi, the nurse should adopt a multidisciplinary approach. Here, the RN should not assume to be a know-it-all. Instead, the RN should always be ready to work with other professionals, who are, in one way or the other, involved in the delivery of services to chronically-ill patients like Luigi. These include the physicians, psychiatrists, social workers, and pharmacists. Whereas the RN is responsible for delivering primary care to the patient, the pharmacist should be consulted to help in providing a proper guidance on the use of medication and all the other matters related with prescription and compliance (Katon, et al., 2010). On the other hand, the physicians should be consulted when the RN feels that expertise advice and guidelines are required to help in handling the patients multimobidity conditions. The most basic form of collaboration in the healthcare facility should be established amongst the RNs themselves. Acute care is not a simple task to be handled by only one nurse. Whenever discharging his duties, a RN should work alongside other nurses to help in monitoring the patient and delivering services needed at any given time. When nurses come together and work as a team, they can help one another in serving the patient. At the same time, collaboration can be fruitful in making well-thought, justifiable and rational decisions (Von Korff, Katon, Lin, Ciechanowski, Peterson, Ludman Rutter, 2011). When nurses collaborate, they can work as a team and this can benefit them in many ways. Apart from helping them to create a conducive environment, team work enables the nurses to engage in joint decision-making, a brilliant idea that can enable them to deliver exceptional services to the patient. The establishment of a cordial working relationship with such specialists can play an integral role in handling the patient. No RN can single-handedly manage Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure without relying on well-trained experienced specialists for consultation or referral in case of complexity. Although the RN should constantly monitor the patient, there are certain procedures that the nurse cannot handle (Morgan, Coates, Dunbar, Reddy, Schlicht Fuller, 2013). Should that be the case, the nurse should not hesitate to seek for the intervention of the specialist. For example, when the patient develops serious complications on his renal conditions, a specialist renal failure expert should be immediately called for to attend to him. The same should be done in case of emergency and serious issues arise on the patients diabetic condition. Similar closeness should be established with the psychiatrists, counselors and social workers because Type II Diabetes often result into psychological distresses that can overwhelm the patient if no psychological intervention is provided. It is therefore obvious that the input of these professionals should be incorporated when educating the patient and his family members. These are skilled counselors who can study the patients mental conditions and give appropriate guidelines on how to manage the situation and lead a stress-free no matter how difficult it might be (Mastal, 2010). When properly educated, the patient can acquire accurate information on the causes, symptoms, intervention strategies, and medication. Despite the fact that RN should be educative, better results can be obtained if the nurse adopts collaborative approach. It is therefore undisputable that interdisciplinary collaboration is a viable tool in the treatment of acute illness. Nursing is a broad area that involves a lot of specialists who have diverse training backgrounds. The complex situations encountered by the RNs leave them with no option rather than embracing a collaborative approach with others (Institute of Medicine, 2011). Consultation and referrals are better tools that can help in improving the quality of healthcare especially when dealing with chronic cases like Luigis. RNs have interdisciplinary collaboration opportunities that should be explored whenever handling any patient. After all, the RNs should never advance their own interests, but always seek to deliver benevolent services for the benefit of the patient. This is exactly what Luigi wants. Nursing Interventions Luigi has been diagnosed with a multimorbidity condition. Suffering from a Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure leaves no doubt that the patient as a chronic and complex condition. He therefore requires uninterrupted support from the RN, physicians, pharmacist, and family members. Each of these has a significant role to play in his life. The nurse will be of great contribution because of the primary healthcare services delivered to him (Bodenheimer Berry-Millett, 2009). Nonetheless, to serve him well, the nurse requires adopt a wide range of interventions. A proper choice of intervention of an intervention can be appropriate because it an enable the nurse to help the patient to manage and cope up with his complex condition. Individualized Stepped Care Intervention One of the most important interventions to adopt is the individualized stepped care. Under this intervention, a nurse is supposed to give attention to the patient. Each patient should be regarded as a unique individual who has a peculiar set of background, needs, weaknesses, strengths, and hopes. Under individualized stepped care, a nurse is supposed to be keen on personally observing the patient before making important decisions regarding the kind of treatment to provide. So, when attending to Luigi, the nurse should apply this intervention because it can benefit the patient a great deal (Bodenheimer Berry-Millett, 2009). The treatment should not be based on diagnosis alone. The nurse should be guided by the observations made on the patients compliance to medications, and response to treatment. If appropriately applied, the individualized stepped intervention can help in delivering quality services to the patient. It is an efficient and cost-effective intervention that can aid in making informed decisions regarding the health of the patient (Laughlin Beisel, 2010). Multimorbidity is a sensitive and complex condition that requires a lot of keenness. All the procedures performed on Luigi should be supported by observations. Luigis condition is quite demanding, but can still be managed if this kind of intervention is applied. This can help in handling the patients Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure deteriorating conditions. Psychological Intervention Psychological intervention is a strategy in which the healthcare provider seeks to address the psychological needs of the patient. In most cases, chronic illnesses result into psychological changes in the patients. These, if not handled well, can negatively impact on the patient. Therefore, anytime a RN is given an opportunity to care for a chronically-ill patient, the nurse requires creating enough time to offer psychological support. As a patient, Luigi requires psychological assistance from the nurse (Lin, Korff, Ciechanowski, Peterson, Ludman, Rutter Katon, 2012). His diabetic condition causes lots of psychological and emotional distresses to him. The nurse should therefore dedicate his energy to educate the patient on how to manage the psychological changes experienced so far. Additional training should be given on how to adjust to the diagnoses and treatments given by the healthcare provider. If all the psychological needs are addressed, Luigi can get to learn and appreciate why he should cope up well and manage his conditions without unnecessarily succumbing to the distresses it causes. Behavior change is a key factor in the management of chronic conditions. However, no patient can readily accept to change behavior as required. Many patients with multimorbidity do not comply with the medications given (Tomcavage, Littlewood, Salek Sciandra, 2012). The complex conditions of such patients often make them to develop unexpected psychological behaviors that might delay their chances of recovering. In this regard, a committed nurse must offer standardized psychological support to the patient. The contributions of psychological intervention should not be disputed because it is an evidence-based intervention. It has been acknowledged for immensely contributing to the satisfaction of the patients psychological and emotional needs. Collaborative Team Intervention The RN who has been mandated to serve Luigi has a large number of roles to perform. By getting a chance to offer primary care to the patient, the nurse is in charge of assessing the patients condition, diagnosis, disease management, education, follow-up, and managing the inpatient-outpatient transition. These are numerous activities that might not be efficiently performed by the nurse alone. In other words, the nurse should readily accept to work in collaboration with other specialists (Smith, Soubhi, Fortin, Hudon ODowd, 2012). In a hospital setting, there are many professionals who are knowledgeable on different areas. Therefore, when handling a patient with multimorbidity conditions, the nurse should not perform all the activities alone. When the nurse wants to help Luigi to manage his diabetic condition, the nurse should discharge all his duties as expected. At the same time, the nurse needs to cooperate with other nurses and specialist diabetic physicians. These are experts who can help the nurse to deliver quality and satisfactory services to the patient. The same thing should be done when handling Luigis renal complications. Regardless of the efforts put by the nurse, advice should be sought from renal failure specialists (Gabbe, Landon, Warren-Boulton Fradkin, 2012). Better still; the nurse should seek for the intervention of the psychiatrist whose contributions can play a major role in addressing the patients psychological needs. From this discussion, it is evident that a collaborative approach can be a viable intervention. It is based on past evidence that commends it because it emphasizes the need of bringing together different experts to collectively deal with the complex multimorbidity. Conclusion Chronic illness makes life difficult for many patients. The situation worsens when one is diagnosed with multimorbidity-a condition which troubles Luigi, who has been diagnosed with Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure. Luigi can regain his health if a well-organized treatment plan is adopted for him. If the RN perfectly discharges his roles and applies the individual stepped care, psychological and collaborative interventions, Luigi can be empowered to manage his conditions and lead a healthier life. These are evidence-based interventions whose proper use can be fruitful in addressing Luigis complex multimorbidity. Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure can still be managed even if they are serious conditions that have been causing many deaths. What the patient requires is a right prescription, treatment, and thorough education on a proper management of the condition. References Bodenheimer, T., Berry-Millett, R. (2009). Care management of patients with complex health care needs, the Synthesis Project. Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Gabbe SG, Landon MB, Warren-Boulton E, Fradkin J. (2012). Promoting health after gestational diabetes: a National Diabetes Education Program call to action. Obstet Gynecol.119(1):1716. Hsu, C., Coleman, K., Ross, T.R., Johnson, E., Fishman, P.A., Larson, E.B., Reid, R.J. (2012). Spreading a patient-centered medical home redesign: A case study. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 35(2), 99-108. Institute of Medicine. (2011). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Katon, W.J., et al. (2010). Collaborative care for patients with depression and chronic illnesses. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(27), 2611-2620. Kirkman M., et al. (2012). Diabetes in older adults. Diabetes Care. 35(12):265064. Laughlin, C.B., Beisel, M. (2010). Evolution of the chronic care role of the registered nurse in primary care. Nursing Economic$, 28(6), 409-414. Lin, E.H., Von Korff, M., Ciechanowski, P., Peterson, D., Ludman, E.J., Rutter, C.M., Katon, W.J. (2012). Treatment adjustment and medication adherence for complex patients with diabetes, heart disease, and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Family Medicine, 10(1), 6-14. Ludman, E. Von Korff, M. (2012). Cost-effectiveness of a multicondition collaborative care intervention: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(5), 506- 514. Mastal, M. F. (2010). Ambulatory care nursing: Growth as a professional specialty. Nursing Economic$, 28(4), 267-269, 275. Morgan, M.A., Coates, M.J., Dunbar, J.A., Reddy, P., Schlicht, K., Fuller, J. (2013). The TrueBlue model of collaborative care using practice nurses as case managers for depression alongside diabetes or heart disease: A randomized trial. BMJ Open, 3(1).67-73. Schneider, K.M., ODonnell, B.E., Dean, D. (2009). Prevalence of multiple chronic conditions in the United States Medicare population. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 7, 82. Smith, S.M., Soubhi, H., Fortin, M., Hudon, C., ODowd, T. (2012). Managing patients with multimorbidity: Systematic review of interventions in primary care and community settings. BMJ, 345, e5205. Tomcavage, J., Littlewood, D., Salek, D., Sciandra, J. (2012). Advancing the role of nursing in the medical home model. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 36(3), 194-202. Vogeli, C., Shields, A.E., Lee, T.A., Gibson, T.B., Marder, W.D., Weiss, K.B., Blumenthal, (2011). Multiple chronic conditions: Prevalence, health consequences, and implications for quality, care management, and costs. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(Suppl. 3), 391-395. Von Korff, M., Katon, W.J., Lin, E.H., Ciechanowski, P., Peterson, D., Ludman, Rutter, C.M. (2011). Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: Results of randomized trial. BMJ, 343, d6612.

Theoretical Foundations of Family Mediation

Introduction The family is a vital social organization. Members of one family grow to develop a very close bond with each other. This makes the members seek each other’s psychological, social and economic support among other things. People in the family find comfort in each other’s company, and the separation or death of one member affects other members in adverse manners. Sally is a minor who is still undergoing emotional development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Foundations of Family Mediation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Her mother has left home to stay with Sally’s grandparents, and this has a great toll on Sally. Sally is affected by this, and she seeks to change her lifestyle. Evidently, she has started losing faith in the family institution, and she wants to move out. This gets her in to trouble with her father, her school grades starts dropping, and she starts to lo se friends. Sally needs to be helped out of this situation; she needs to be guided to accept the state of things and lead a life that will not hurt her. Theories of Assessing this Conflict One of the theories that can be used to assess the conflict between Sally and bob is Family Systems Theory proposed by Dr. Bowen. This theory takes the family as a unit, and it says that people are best understood in the context of their families. He classifies the family as an emotional unit whose members share an emotional bond. A member of this unit cannot be studied in isolation; understanding one member of this unit will not be possible without considering other family members (Folberg, Milne Salem, 2004). Bowen says that every member of a family has a role to play so as to maintain a harmonious relationship with other members. The other members will respond to each other according to the roles assigned to them. These roles are given according to the family relationship agreements. Therefore , based on this interaction, the behavior of one member of the family is shaped by the interaction with other members (Regina, 2011). The failure of one member can lead to the collapse of the whole family. Bowel comes up with some concepts that interlock to support this theory. These concepts act as a basis for understanding the relationships among family members, and each member is assigned a place in the family. When a member’s place in the family is toppled, conflicts occur (Taylor, 2002). In Bob and Sally’s case, the problem occurs since the role that Sally’s mother used to play has been left open. The father is trying hard to maintain a stable relationship with the daughter, but he is unable to fill the vacuum left by the mother. This has a great impact on Sally, and Sally feels that she no longer fits in the family; she wants to move out. Probably, the father does not know about this theory of family conflicts, and he does not understand Sally’s rea ction. Sally has been affected by the separation between the mother and father. She is used to staying with both parents, and she cannot stand the separation. This proves Bowen’s theory by showing that members of the family are much connected with each other.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sally’s pattern of behavior, including failure in school and loss of friends, is triggered by the instability in her family. She does not see her mother as frequently as she used to do, and she feels that moving out of her house will solve her problems. She feels that she will lose nothing since her mother has also left the home. Analysis of the Problems The main problem between Bob and Sally is the lack of proper communication. Sally could be secretly blaming her father for her mother’s withdrawal from home. Bob is trying to save the situation by trying to be a good fath er, but he fails in that he is unable to talk to her daughter about the things disturbing her. Therefore, the daughter, Sally, has reacted to this by resulting to her own decisions to move out of the family. Sally is very disturbed about her mother’s departure, and this has a very big impact on her. It is important to note that Sally is still undergoing emotional development, and any disagreement with parents can be disastrous to her. She feels the loss of her parents’ love for her, and she goes to seek love from other people. It is critical to note that Sally’s friends are now people much older than her. Sally’s father also feels that Sally is unrealistic; she should appreciate what he has to offer her, and she should not make things difficult for him. He loves her and wants the best for her. That is the reason that makes him deny her the chance of staying with these friends; he figures out that she could drop out of school. His claims could be justified since Sally has already started failing in school. Things to Do as a Mediator The people involved in this conflict have problems that they are facing differently. The best thing to do is make these people come in to terms with heir situation. This way, they understand each other, and the conflicts will cease. Developing dialogue will be a major step towards reconciling the members once again. The parents need to be there for Sally, and this will ensure a productive relationship among all family members. References Folberg, J., Milne, A., Salem, P. (2004). Divorce and Family Mediation: Models, Techniques, and Applications. New York: Guilford Press. Regina, W. (2011). Applying Family Systems Theory to Mediation: A Practitioner’s Guide. New York: University Press of America.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Foundations of Family Mediation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Taylor, A. (2002). The H andbook of Family Dispute Resolution: Mediation Theory and Practice. San Francisco: Josse-Bass. This essay on Theoretical Foundations of Family Mediation was written and submitted by user Nahla Adkins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Iran Revolution essays

Iran Revolution essays Iran is a country located in the Middle East. The main source of income for the country is oil, the one object that had greatly influenced its history. Iran's present government is run as an Islamic Republic. A president, cabinet, judicial branch, and Majilesor or legislative branch, makes up the governmental positions. A revolution that overthrew the monarch, which was set in 1930, lasted over 15 years. Crane Brinton's book, An Anatomy of a Revolution, explains set of four steps a country experiences when a revolution occurs. Symptoms, rising fever, crisis, and convalescence are the steps that occur. The Iranian Revolution followed the four steps in Crane Brinton's theory, symptoms, rising fever, crisis, and convalescence occurred. Numerous symptoms led to the crumbling downfall of Reza Shah Pahlavi, ruler of Iran until 1978. One of these symptoms is rising expectations which can be seen during the 1960's and 70's. The rich Shah cleared the way for the land reform law, enacted in 1962. The land minority had to give up its land to the government, and among those stripped of land, were the Shi'ah Muslims. Iran's power structure was radically changed in a program termed the "White Revolution". On January 26, 1963, the White Revolution was endorsed by the nation. By 1971, when land distribution ended, about 2,500,000 fam...

Gender Bias and Employment Discrimination Law Case Study - 78

Gender Bias and Employment Discrimination Law - Case Study Example If it is gender bias that we are concerned with, then that would imply distinguishing reactions towards two identical humans- identical in lifestyle, intelligence, competence, goals and many other factors - which the one distinction between them, which one is a male and the other is a female. This is exactly not a situation, which exists in our actual, real world. Practically, this fact makes it easier for females to internalize unfair criticisms as valid. If your work is discarded for a clearly bad reason, such as, it is because I am a woman, then you have no other way, but to dismiss the one who rejected them as biased, and; thus, not worth taking seriously. Â  I consider using experiments to tell which positions are fit for men and which are fit for women is a positive route to follow. At least we know that a study has been conducted by experts so the findings are reliable and the recommendations they give can be applied and the outcomes will be effective. However, I also feel that people should be allowed to hold various positions, not because of whether their bodies meet the physical and mental requirements, but due to their requirements. For instance, the women presented in the case study, she was very much willing and committed to working as a firefighter and furthermore, she did her work very well till the government decided to introduce new requirements that needed hopefuls to pass various physical tests in order to hold various positions that are considered manly.

Waste Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Waste Management - Essay Example If the temperature is high then all wastes will be decomposed. Incinerator design also determines the amount of airflow into the incinerator. This determines the level of decomposition of the wastes. High air flow means total combustion while low inflow of air means partial combustion. Total combustion means low quantity of gases. The operation of the incinerator will also determine the quantity of gaseous products produced and their composition. The type of handling the materials are given dictates the quantity and composition of gases produced. Operation determines the temperature of combustion and the level of mixing as well as the amount of air allowed in (Oppelt 1987). Operation also determines the residence time that the combustion process takes and the type and amount of fuel to be used in the combustion Fuel also contributes to gaseous products. All these factors have a bearing on the quantity and composition of the gaseous products coming out of the incinerator The properties of the waste materials also determine the quantity and composition of the gases produced. Different types of waste materials produce different gaseous compositions in different quantities. Waste materials have different physical and chemical properties which result in production of different quantities and compositions of gases (Oppelt 1987).The quantity of residues is determined by the quantity of the waste products that are fed into the incinerator. The residence time of the wastes in the incinerator, the temperature, quantity of oxygen and level of mixing determine the level of combustion hence the amount of residue produced. When there is absolute combustion then little residue is produced (Oppelt 1987). A WAP which stands for a waste analysis plan is the plan that is used as an outline of the analysis done on wastes before they are disposed off. Not all

Evaluating the new deal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluating the new deal - Essay Example The recovery programs sort to strengthen the economy and the reform programs aimed at preventing future depressions. Kennedy just like many economists suggests that the new deal did target to saving capitalist system. It is evident that the first new deal was not that different from Hoover’s purpose and philosophy effort to end the depression. This is because both Hoover and Roosevelt sort support from the business community. However, Roosevelt’s administration approached their suggestions with importance and a greater willingness by exerting the full powers of the federal governments on the programs (Kennedy, 1999). The new deal targeted three goals relief, recovery, and reform. There were relief measures such as laws that set up programs that created jobs for thousands of young men. These jobs included tree-planting exercises, fire fighting services, and building dams to control floods. There was also a law that required the federal government to give money to states for helping the needy. The national industry recovery act was implemented to aid in economy recovery let us consider the National recovery administration supported by this law, which brought businesses, government and workers together. This program although it was not successful in regulating competition among businesses and preventing workers from organising unions, it changed business relationships. The laws that aimed at aiding economic recovery also supported programs such as the Tennessee valley authority that encouraged the government to spend heavily on large building projects like building public buildings, highways, and dams this created employment for Americans. The agricultural adjustments act was passed in 1933 the act targeted to increase prices of agricultural products to help farmers by reducing the production of farm produce (Kennedy, 1999). The new deal did manage to improve the circumstances for some Americans. The new deal managed to drop the unemployment figure. In order to achieve the goals set for the new deal the social security act of 1935 helped by supporting the provision of pensions for retired Americans. The law ensured that Americans who lost their jobs could access help from the federal government as stated in the unemployment insurance clause. The disabled and the needy also received government assistance. Although it is evident that not all Americans benefited from this law, but it did improve the lives of Americans in some way (Kennedy, 1999). Kennedy looks at the second new deal, which adopted an economic policy similar to a Keynesian model. The second new deal set up mass consumption based economy by motivating the masses capacity to consume. Economists argue that the second new deal targeted to restore the economy from bottom up. This deal is not as radical as the first deal this is because the second deal improved on a number of policies introduced in the first deal. According to Kennedy in the second new deal, the governme nt spent funds in trying to turn non-consumers to consumers. The federal government continued to initiate projects that would create jobs for family breadwinners. This plan supported many families and increased consumer demand. The social security act of 1935 set up a federally guaranteed pension system, which became a safety net for retired workers this helped to increase consumer demand. There was also an improvement of the National labour relations act of 1935 where the law attempted to prevent the

Defining Globalization In An Operational Way Politics Essay

Defining Globalization In An Operational Way Politics Essay It is often very difficult to trace the origin of concepts and ideas in social sciences because the concepts, theories and ideas are the products of collective activities. Therefore, it would be very difficult to identify the first use of term globalization while according to Malcolm Walters, the author of book Globalization, Roland Robertson was the early user of this term (Walters, 1995)  [1]  . Apart from the fact, who has used this term for the first time, at the emergence of twenty first century globalization in the form of concept, and slogan is used frequently as compared to any other term. In Singapore, almost everything has significance with globalization from the inflow of foreign capital, technology, workers, music, movies, culture etc. Some people consider the globalization as a train with no brakes crushing everything coming in its way and some people consider it as a benefit to get on the train towards economic growth and modernization. Concept of Globalization According to the meanings in the Oxford Dictionary, the term glocal and the noun glocalization are created by contracting both global and local together so as to make a blend (Robertson, 1995, p. 28)  [2]  . The term was transformed on Japanese word dochakuka which basically meant to adapt the farming tactics depending on the local condition of individual. Within a business world, the concept was adopted so as to refer to global localization and the idea and term of globalization originally comes from Japan (Robertson, 1995, p. 28)  [3]  . However, the term glocalization was frequently used since late eighties, there were various relevant terms existed that were used by social scientists and are still continued to use. It was claimed by various sociologists that subjects and areas like sociology and political sciences were the products of western social experiences when such fields and areas were transported to non western or non European contexts there was a need for indigen ization. The idea of indigenization created a debate among scientists because it raises basic questions regarding the application of these concepts and ideas. One of the basic concerns of globalization is that it opens the doors of doubts regarding the originality of cultures. In longer term perspectives of globalization, the locality and local are considered to be the outcomes of globalization as it is difficult to find any culture that can be viewed as isolated from the procedures of globalization (Khondker, 2004, pp. 1-9)  [4]  . The influence of globalization on culture depends on the consideration of individual about the local cultures to be protected from the external influences or the creation of new cultural activities results from the mixing of ideas and concepts from various cultures. In fact there are some cultures as discussed above that are isolated and cultural interaction though relations of trade have occurred for thousands of years. Therefore, it can be observed that the values are key to assessing the influence of globalization on the individuals lives around the globe. At the instance, it is viable to spread the concept of globalization in such a way that the conflict between various values is highlighted as they play their role in specific circumstances. Hence, the McDonaldization or Americanization of the world presents the procedure of globalization that is driven by the consumer culture of America rolling over other various cultures (Rothenberg, 2003)  [5]  . Economic Phenomena and Globalization While the US Senate pushes a bill to complete a 700-mile-long fence along the Mexican border, Saudi Arabia is finalizing plans for a similar project: a 560-mile-long, US$12 billion dollar electrified fence along its border with Iraq. Both fences are being built to keep outsiders out, to foil illegal immigrants, refugees, black-market weapons dealers, drug runners, and in Saudi Arabias case, terrorists. The US and Saudi Arabia have decided that the consequences of not building a fence are more costly than ever before, thanks to globalization, which has made borders more penetrable by more people.  [6]   Though globalization and its causes and effects are integral to reporting issues like these, the definition of the word is widely debated. Is it widespread economic liberalization? Are national frontiers simply irrelevant? (Barber, 1996)  [7]  . Scholars have developed many definitions, but no matter which definition is chosen by a journalist for a story, the definition should be operational. It should allow for in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis, so that causes and effects can be identified. Specifically, in international reporting, an operational definition of globalization should help a journalist answer important questions regarding the role of borders, domains, consciousnesses, actors, and consequences in a story (Holm, 2006).  [8]  Are fences on state borders a sign that globalization is weakening, or an example of globalizations sometimes localizing effects? In other words, the globalization might be considered and classified functionally relevant to the series of economic procedure. Such procedures include the liberalization and deregulation of markets, privatization of assets, retreat of state functions in terms of welfare, diffusion of technology, foreign direct investment etc. The term refers to the spread of sales, production facilities, manufacturing processes all around the world that can reconstitute the international division of labor. The prior decades of globalization has been witnessed by various analysts and often the discussion of globalization has been condensed into the discussion of national income that is measured in terms of growth. Connecting the amalgamation of globalization to the economic procedures, a broad statement made by Robert Z. Lawrence that in general terms the economic amalgamation leads towards the convergence with poor economies growing more fast as compared to the rich economy (Lawrence, 1996)  [9]  . It was also noted by the Harvard economist, Jeffery G. Williamson and the President of the Economic History Association, both argued that the globalization leads towards convergence as observed and evidenced in the historical decades. The essence of the argument was regarding the bottom line in terms of the living standard gap between developed and under developed countries reduces with the passage of time and hence the convergence indicates the destruction of this gap in terms of percentage (Williamson, 1996, p. 278)  [10]  . Globalization in Technological and Social Revolution It is considered to be inconsistent to ignore the more theoretical perspective in terms of the matter evidenced as a decisive shift away from industrial capitalism to a postindustrial conception of economic relations. The identical economic phenomena identified earlier are essential not only due to the reason of their representation of unique cluster of activity but also due to the representation of a new form of activity. This concept suggests an outstanding revolution among the techno-industrial higher classes that are mainly driven by the technological enhancements ultimately rendering the entire globe as a single market. It is a comprehensive vision in terms of globally cohesive production, specialized but interdependent markets of labor, privatization of state assets at faster pace, tangle linkage of technology across the conventional national borders. Furthermore, it is also argued that the development of entire new and recent economy has been evidenced along with a typical shi ft that is influencing the way of considering the wide variety of social and economic relations (Castells, 1991)  [11]  . Jan Aart Scholtes definition of globalization cannot clarify globalizations role in events like these. He sees globalization as a shift in the nature of social space due to the increase of transplanetary connections and the development of supra-territorial connections between people; he does not leave room for globalization as a force that can lead to or bolster the local (Scholte, 2005).  [12]  In addition, the space has been condensed due to the technological development even though the influence of such condensability most probably to enhance the diversity that is captured within the context of glocalization. The general reorganization of economic activities are considered to be in progress at regional levels while on the other hand, the eruption of information or communication and commodities or services flows is emerging across the various cities, regions and nations. The term glocalization is sometimes associated with the globalization as there is some conflict between thes e terms in terms of compliment or confliction. The context that glocalization is the localization of economic and political relation while shifting the authority from national level downward in such a way that heighten the responses of globalization and the conflicts with other perspectives suggesting that both are opposes on the basis of analysis and examination (Higgott Reich, 1997)  [13]  . Globalization, he says, involves reductions of barriers to transworld connections (Scholte, 2005)  [14]  . Boundaries have become defined under different criteria in a transplanetary, supra-territorial world. Not only do states borders mean less, but new types of borders exist; you can be online or offline by the click of a mouse, for example. And technology has also made supra-territoriality a possibility: global telecommunications, the Internet. Quantitatively, he says, there are more transplanetary links, the effects of relations are bigger, and the interactions are happening faster. Transplanetary relations, although they have been going on for centuries, are denser than those of any previous epoch (Scholte, 2005)  [15]  . Qualitatively, it is the supra-territorial nature of social space that is unique to the present era. Supra-territorial relations are those social connections that substantially transcend territorial geography (Scholte, 2005)  [16]  . One major sourc e of conflict lies within the context that globalization reduces the essence of geography while on the other hand, glocalization enhances it as a opposing tendency and geographical association in a sense of region and trading becomes the vital importance. Another source of conflict as suggested by Ruigrok and Rob van Tulder as they defined globalization and glocalization in terms of conflicting strategies of firms. It was also suggested that globalizing firms trail a strategy that endeavors for a worldwide division of labor in the firm while on the other hand, glocalizing firms trail an alternative strategy in which the firms find ways to imitate production within various regions while avoiding the risk associated with the establishment of trade blocs. Hence, glocalizing firms find ways to generate an interfirm division of labor that is geographically concentrated (Ruigrok Tulder, 1995, pp. 46-131)  [17]  . In most general terms, the globalizing firms are labeled multinational corporations as the glocalizing firms find various ways to imitate depending on the regions and with this difference, both behave in different manner. Multinational firms most probably decentralize production and sales but the decision making remain steadily centralized in a categorized structure. In behavioral terms, it is reflected in susceptibility to retain the overwhelming majority of Research Development facilities with specific exceptions at home (Louis W. Pauly, 1997)  [18]  . Moreover, the significance of revolution in the most positive form is reflected in the claims of Peter Schwartz and Peter Leyden that offers the prospects of four decades of prolonged growth and noteworthy transformation which is inspired by the deregulation and technological enhancements in terms of computers, telecom, biotech, nanotech, alternative energy etc (Schwartz Leyden, 1997, p. 116)  [19]  . Scholte points out four other notions of globalization as internationalization, liberalization, universalization, and westernization, and he describes these definitions in contrast to his. If defined as one of these four notions, he contends, the term globalization adds nothing new to previous understandings of the world, whereas his definition adds the concept of supra-territoriality. Scholte warns that the four definitions also hold implicit dangers because of their foci, which are narrow. If people see globalization as only economic liberalization, they will miss other important factors that make up globalization. Such limitations are dangerous according to Scholte because they blind people to the discontinuity in the underlying character of social geography (Scholte, 2005)  [20]  . If we define globalization in one of these four narrow terms, we merely rehash old knowledge and lose a major opportunity to grasp-and act upon-certain key circumstances of our times (Scholte, 2005)  [21]  . But can Scholtes definition and his new contribution, supra-territoriality, help us grasp and act upon key circumstances of our times? In international reporting-which should help us to at least grasp key circumstances-it is, to some extent, helpful to understand globalization as a respatialization of social life based on transplanetary and supra-territorial connectivity. Scholtes definition is especially useful to understand the use of framing in reporting. Globalization and Terrorism In chapter one of Framing Terrorism, Norris, Kern, and Just explain that journalists need frames to convey dominant meanings, to make sense of the facts, to focus the headlines, and to structure the story line (Norris, Montague, Marion, 2003)  [22]  . Frames help organize and prioritize stories in the nebulous realm of all news. Frames are powerful features of reporting, and can influence social space by agenda-setting, cognitive priming, and evaluation, especially when a large portion of the population has access to news and repeatedly experiences the same frame. More quickly and more widely than ever-because of mass-communications and instant transmissions-framing can link vaguely related issues with the magic of one term. 9/11, for example. It has been observed that America is at war with terrorists for over a long period of time. United States has never realized the magnitude of war until September 11, 2001. The conflict had been establishing since 1983 Marine Corps barracks bombings in Lebanon and few analysts predicted the hostility coming their way. A concept has been hypothesized by contemporary theorists renowned as the fourth generational warfare with the blurred distinctions between war and peace, civilian and military, and national and transnational groups. The global war on terrorism fits in such concept with the adversary using asymmetrical capabilities in surprising ways to devastating effects. It has been clearly understood by United States when coupled with the mass destructive weapons (Lind, Nightengale, Schmitt, Sutton, Wilson, October 1989, pp. 22-26)  [23]  . According to Norris, Kern, and Just, the event of 9/11 created a critical culture shift in the predominant news frame used by the American mass media for understanding issues of national security, altering perceptions of risk at home and threats abroad (Norris, Montague, Marion, 2003)  [24]  . Even if the real threat of terrorism did not change, the power of framing has kept the fear of terrorism ripe in the US, through the war on terrorism frame, still used daily in US international reporting. The widespread fear instigated by framing has consequently allowed the US government to restrict some civil liberties through the Patriot Act. Supra-territorial and transplanetary connections in mass communications have allowed the US government, in conjunction with US reporting, to efficiently frame international reporting and quickly assert influence over civil society. The terrorist attack on the Pentagon and the World Trade Centre was considered to be a significant and more deadly demonstration of various trends that have emerged in the period of post-Cold War. It was not considered to be a turning point that signaled and indicated the initiating of new decade of internationalization. It is obvious that terrorists always had evil objectives as demonstrated on September 11, 2001 in terms of capability to carry out deadly determinations anywhere across the entire globe with vast and major influences. Contradicting the capabilities of terrorists requires the re analyzing of strategic backgrounds and the response of United States towards such strategies. Moreover, the United States has been forced to consider the national interests and estimate the strategies of national security as a result of September 11, 2001. The most major trends having devastating influence on the strategic framework and background includes collapse of the bipolar system, reviv al of globalism, and rise of Islamic extremism. The convergence of such trends enabled various nations to experience peace, strength and increasing affluence along with various challenges. The strong repercussion have created against the considerations of various societies in terms of increasing consistency among nations and cultures that challenge to devastate and destroy the traditional local values. The terrorism has been lifted globally due to these trends and due to which it is essential for United States to re-assess the strategy (Terrorism, November 2002)  [25]  . Meanwhile, supra-territorial and transplanetary connections have benefited terrorists, as well. Al Qaeda has used the Internet to spread its message through websites and videos, and global television has allowed an array of terrorist messages to be spread to homes everywhere. Political terrorism is theater, Michael Stohl writes in Demystifying Terrorism, and terrorists are primarily interested in the audience (Stohl, 1988)  [26]  . To spread its messages, to reach audiences, to travel anywhere in a day, to take advantage of the fact that people travel en masse, to develop financial portfolios and make money through the global black-market drug and weapons rings, terrorists have relied on the density of transplanetary and supra-territorial nature of todays globalized space. But do terrorists do what they do just because that can? What are their motives? Are they just madmen? How do terrorists in Afghanistan differ from terrorists in Indonesia or India? What regions are especially conscious of terror-related problems? Why does Saudi Arabia think a fence can keep terrorists out? What are the consequences of not answering these questions? In international reporting, an understanding of Scholtes definition can help identify a storys potential frames (9/11, the War on Terror) and can even describe why some things are able to happen (terrorists are able to have a more wide-spread effect on the global stage). But in international reporting, Scholtes broad definition can only answer a slice of specific questions. It does not lead a journalist to answer important questions regarding the role of borders, domains, consciousness, actors, and consequences in a story. Contradictions and Uncertainties of Globalization Borders, in Scholtes definition, are broken down in the process of globalization, just as all barriers are reduced, and this result in more transworld social contacts (Scholte, 2005)  [27]  . With globalization, he says, people become more able-physically, legally, linguistically, culturally and psychologically-to engage with each other wherever on planet Earth they might be (Scholte, 2005)  [28]  . Besides the fact that he remains unclear about how these barriers break down, an increasing ability to engage with each other would not necessarily lead to further globality. As drug-runners and migrants have greater cross-border mobility thanks to quick transport and communications, more are crossing the US border with Mexico; in response, the US builds a fence, a literal enforcement of its traditional borders. And Saudi Arabias most recent answer to terrorism is the same: enforce traditional borders. Globalization actually links the people all around the world as a result of which new commonalities emerges into experiences with their differentiating and producing new inequalities. Similarly, when it connects the isolated regions to global network parts of the world, it ignores other regions. The events reveal the contradictions and conflicts at the core of globalization and the technologies of information, communication, and transportation facilitating the globalization can be used to damage it, and generating instruments of devastation along with the production (Kellner, 2002, pp. 285-305)  [29]  . Consequently, it has been argued that in order to theorize globalization properly it is essential to conceptualize the various contradictions that are generated by the combination of globalization of technological revolution and restructuring of capital, as a result of which conflicts are generated between capitalism and democracy. In the global economy, globalization involves the production of logic of capital with the spread of democracy in information, finance, investing and dispersal of technology. Thus, globalization is a mixture of capitalism and democracy in which the logic of capital and market system enter more fields of global life in terms of democracy spreads, more political areas and spaces of daily life are opposed by democratic demands and forces. It is observed that sometimes globalization promote democracy and sometimes it constrains it by either equating capitalism and democracy, or in a problematic manner (Friedman, 1999)  [30]  . Assessing of Matter At international level, developing and developed countries have differentiating concerns on wide basis. In developing countries, the importance is on development at any cost by indicating that the developed countries industrialized at time when there was no repute for environmental concerns and labor standards were also offensive. All such things were maintained by developing countries in order to receive assistance as little opportunities and chances were available but were needed to develop in any way. Moreover, developing countries have asked international community to postpone or cancel their astounding debt. Such countries are basically compelled to repay the loans that were taken by previous dictatorial regimes or suggested by the donors to finance development schemes (Chapter 11 Globalization)  [31]  . Additionally, if the world is becoming respacialized according to transplanetary and supra-territorial connections, is any compression of social space equally important among all domains? An African-American crude-oil trader with the Internet has more global impact than his familys remote Ugandan village with an Internet connection. But which domains of social space are more affected by respacialization, and compared to what? Is the crude-oil trader any more effective with blue-tooth technology, than he had been with wired technology? Is the village able to use their Internet connection in a way that will change their lives? Scholtes definition does not leave room for economies of scale or the ingrained character of traditional life in parts of the world. Traditional life and identities establish regional consciousnesses that determine agendas. How does a respacialization of social life change consciousnesses? The EU exists, and Europe has asserted itself as a unified economic power. Has this changed the way Germans think of themselves? How has it changed the German agenda? Scholtes definition doesnt consider the subtle interplay of identities as important in forming policies, whether the world experiences more connectivity or not. Just as domains are not equally important, neither are actors. On whom should international reports focus? Scholtes definition gives us no clues: who are those responsible for the respacialization of social life? Does it matter? And who are affected? Certainly not everyone, and certainly not in the same ways. Scholte admits this: the trend has not touched all of humanity to the same extent (Scholte, 2005)  [32]  . But how can this be measured based on Scholtes definition? This most important part of globalization, Scholte only touches upon. He writes, The growth of transplanetary and supra-territorial connections empowers some people and disempowers others (Scholte, 2005)  [33]  . If globalization creates inequalities, how great are these inequalities? Can we do anything about them? How can journalists begin to discuss them in a story? Scholtes definition leaves many questions unanswered, though these are what build stories. Other, more operational definitions of globalization have been developed and used by journalists and social scientists, on which journalists depend for measures of their subjects, audience, and their own effects. In Hans-Henrik Holms The Effect of Globalization on Media Structures and Norms, for example, this definition of globalization was used: the intensification of economic, political, social and cultural relations across borders (Holm H.-H. , 2001)  [34]  . Although it is not a universally accepted definition, the definition focuses on structural and technological elements and so can serve as a crucible, leading to new developments and insights. By including economic integration in the definition, Holm can deduce that globalization has had an effect on Danish media. One of many examples: Internationalization has pushed the media business towards larger and larger units (Holm H.-H. , 20 01)  [35]  . Holm could maneuver between qualitative and quantitative analysis and come to specific conclusions about how globalization has affected editorial choice in Danish media. In other studies, globalization as a term is more useful if it is not defined by the study. In Andreas Schucks study of vote choice in the Dutch EU constitution referendum, participants were asked their opinion of globalization, among other factors. This part of the study tried to find how some factors affected vote intention before the start of the campaign, and results indicated that people who had a fear of globalization were more likely to intend to vote no. (Schuck, September 2006)  [36]  According to Schuck, this is one of the first studies of its kind to take participants views of globalization into account, even though the term was undefined by the study (Schuk, September 2006)  [37]  . The participants relied on their own understanding of the term, however foggy. Requiring that participants defined globalization in Scholtes terms would have been counterproductive, not only because it would have been time-consuming to explain Scholtes definition. Even if the participa nts learned and understood the concept according to Scholte (or anyone else), the study then would not have revealed how public perceptions of globalization affects voters decisions. Conclusion Ultimately, globalization is not only a condition, but it is also a tool. By using the word in clearly decided ways-defining it or leaving it to subjects in a study or interview-globalization can lead journalists to understand and tell their stories more effectively. But globalization should not be over-estimated, as Holm points out in his study. When globalization is clearly defined, it is often found that the local, the traditional, is still important. One of his conclusions, in fact, is that classical news criteria are still the best predictors of what news will be chosen and used(Holm, 2006)  [38]  . And as the case

Motion Sickness Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Motion Sickness Ever felt carsick, airsick or seasick? Motion sickness is the most common medical problem associated with travel. As a child I was always told that "it was in my head," that if I wanted to, I could make it go away. I was made to believe that motion sickness was a psychological problem. To certain extend it is true that it is in my head, but it is not a psychological defect, but rather, a disorder that occurs when conflicting sensory information is sent to the brain. This mild and self-treatable disorder can affect anyone, but recent studies seem to imply that motion sickness may affect certain groups of people more than others. This paper will discuss the causes of motion sickness and will question the genetic and racial implications as contributing factors. The anatomy of balance Balance is maintained by a complex interaction of sensory parts of our body. The first are the inner ears, which monitor the directions of motion (such as side to side, back to front, up and down, and turning). Some people may feel dizzy without having to be spinning or turning. This dizziness is sometimes caused by an inner ear problem. Changes of fluids in the semicircular canals of the inner ear are one of the attributing factors of motion sickness. (1). Second, the eyes monitor where the body is in space and also the direction in which the motion is taking place. Third, the skin pressure receptors (joints and spine) send messages to the brain to inform what part of the body is down and touching the ground. Lastly, the muscle and joint sensory receptors are in charge of informing the brain which parts of the body are in motion. Through the interaction of all these parts, the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal c... ...should therefore, not be used or imply that motion sickness is part of one's self identity. It is true that some individuals are naturally prone to motion sickness since childhood (including myself), but this should not be because one is Latino or African-American. In fact, I dismiss the notion that race has anything to with one having motion sickness. Perhaps, it would've been better to investigate the environment and conditions of where people are located; there may be risk factors related to one's location in a geographical space. References 1)What Causes Motion Sickness http://www.bcrescue.org/carsickness.html 2)Dizziness and Motion Sickness http://www.entnet.org/healthinfo/balance/dizziness.cfm?o=0 3)What's Motion Sickness http://community.healthgate.com/ 4)What Causes Motion Sickness http://www.motion-sickness.net/aboutms2.htm<br>

One flew over the cuckoo’s nest Essay

   Through Kesey’s use of literary features, his novel helped base an understanding on what society decided to believe is normal. Kesey highlights the significance of the insane and their positive energy. He uses McMurphy as a tool to highlight each patient’s positive side whereas society only searches for the negative. Kesey’s outlook on mental illness is simple; he uses his novel to point this out. His novel shows how the patients in the ward are there because society placed them there. Society labeled these people to be against the norms or conformities, which in return allowed the patients to feel inferior and out of place. This novel stresses the fact that each person should not be forced into a corner; they should be given rights to live regular lives with other people. Society should not force inferiority complexes on these patients. The fact that most of the patients were voluntary helps prove this point. It shows how society forced them into a completely different and inhumane lifestyle. Another novel that joins this rebellion against society in relation to insanity is The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath. In this novel, Plath interprets insanity in her own way trying to prove practically the same point as Kesey. Plath’s use of description, metaphors, and characterization help provide her main point of allowing insanity to merge with reality. The Bell Jar is a novel equipped with descriptions that allow the reader direct access to the main character’s mind. Plath uses an abundant amount of physical descriptions such as the description of Esther’s surroundings at all times to help give examples of how society has forced this woman to think. Esther’s thoughts on life, death, and the world all seem to be reasonable and justifiable thoughts. She is capable of convincing the reader that those thoughts are not insane. Through the use of descriptions, Plath was able to highlight the unjust life of a 1950s woman. Plath also uses metaphors to highlight the suppression made by society on the women. The title of the book is the major metaphor that best represents Plath’s idea on society’s conformities. The entire novel revolves around the idea of the bell jar and this jar represents how society analyzes and reduces the contents provided in the jar. The jar represents insanity. Esther feels secluded and isolated from the real world when she is labeled as mad. She feels like she is an airless jar that ruins her perspective of what the real world is. It signifies a buffer that ends the connection between Esther and the real world4. These literary features were all used to highlight Esther’s alienation from the real world. It shows how a young woman from the 1950s was forced to act. Esther wanted to pursue a writing career and is supported completely, but her thoughts begin to change when the fact that she cannot merge her career with being a mother come to place. Esther becomes depressed and her thoughts begin to change on the world. These individual thoughts begin to accumulate leading to actions that are condemned upon by society. Society expects a lot from Esther such as the idea of her virginity. Esther rebels against the conventional role of virginity with women at that time by embarking on a sexual experience. Esther did not become insane because she believed against the norms of society but rather insanity fell on her. The treatments in both novels are similar in many aspects. At first, the hospitals provide healthy conversations between the patient and a professional psychiatrist. In both novels, the sense of talking is important because a lot of information is released about society and what they think of it. Another treatment usually done after talk therapy is electroshock therapy. Electroshock therapy was created in 1936 in order to help patients clear their mind5. As years passed, this treatment began to evolve which therefore led to the change of its purpose. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, ECT was used as a form of punishment. Patients were punished for doing anything out of the ordinary. In The Bell Jar, Esther Greenwood undergoes several electroshock therapy sessions to clear her mind. She continuously states how painful the therapy is and tries to refuse treatment. Her recollections of these treatments show the inhumanity in medical treatments. Another treatment that falls into the controversial category is Lobotomy. It is shown insignificantly in The Bell Jar, one patient briefly converses about it. On the other hand, Lobotomy has a major impact in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. The main character undergoes a lobotomy at the end of the novel. This act completely criticizes the ways of society in relation to medical treatments. Many forms of medical treatments on insanity exist but whether they provide a positive outcome is the main question. Society and mental illness are very closely related in the sense that society creates the separation between sanity and insanity. That separation is miniscule and changes constantly over time. Both of these novels emphasize isolation, suppression, and seclusion forced by society. Society forces these on the ideas that are condemned or not wanted. These ideas should not force inhumane actions but rather welcome ideas as an advantage to a better society, a more open society. Mental illnesses and treatments are used as major themes in novels to help highlight the negative aspects of what society creates. Through showing the unjust actions forced by society on people, the idea of insanity should evolve from punishment to help. Word Count: 1,605 1 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey. 2 Gale, CD-Rom, HS Library. Source 1 3 Gale, CD-Rom, HS Library. Source 1 4 Concise Dictionary of American Literary Biography, 1941-1968; Contemporary Authors, Vols. 17-20.

Good Political Science Research Paper Topics

Good Political Science Research Paper Topics What is a Political Science Research Paper? The purpose of a research paper is answering some type of question, particularly one that requires putting forth new knowledge or solving a practical problem. Research papers present topics based on investigation and focus on substantial arguments. Therefore, a political science research paper answers questions or solves problems about political science topics. Political science is also concerned with social science, as well as political theory, practice, systems, and trends. The political science research paper should consist of an in-depth analysis of a political subject. The type of research you embark upon depends on the type of research question you need to answer, as well as what relevant information, evidence, and data are available for research. Types of Political Science Research Topics Good political science research topics aim at analyzing important contributions to political science, as well as policy knowledge and test topics such as historical American politics (relating to local, state, and federal events), government policy (relating to healthcare, immigration, infrastructure, etc.), comparative politics (relating to comparisons between different governments), or theoretical or empirical subjects (relating to pacifism, utopianism, libertarianism, etc.). Choosing a Topic Political science deals with political systems and characteristics pertaining to states and their constituting elements, economies of a state, and the state’s responsibilities. So, there are numerous topics to write about. When deciding on a Political Science research paper topic, do not choose too broad of a topic; choose a narrow topic and be specific. For instance, instead of choosing to write on â€Å"Global Warming,† you could change that to â€Å"Ways to Halt Global Warming†. Additionally, when choosing a topic, it is best to choose a current topic. However, if you choose a classic topic, such as Foreign Policy, be sure to make it interesting and offer some new insight into the subject. However, no matter what topic you choose, it is best that you choose something that you are interested in. Other suggested political science research topics include: Marxism vs. Capitalism The Role of the State Historical Events The Electoral Process Foreign Policy National Security Education Policy Tax Policy Environmental Policy Globalization Reproductive Rights Any current political event Political science is not an easy subject; it is very broad and complex and is based on social sciences which influence people’s lives. Political science has practical and theoretical implications and it has been studied since ancient times, but codified in the 19th century.

The 31 Critical ACT Math Formulas You MUST Know

The 31 Critical ACT Math Formulas You MUST Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The two biggest challenges of ACT Math are the time crunch- the math test has 60 questions in 60 minutes!- and the fact that the test doesn’t provide you with any formulas. All the formulas and math knowledge for the ACT comes from what you’ve learned and memorized. In this complete list of critical formulas you'll need on the ACT, I'll lay out every formula you must have memorized before test day, as well as explanations for how to use them and what they mean. I'll also show you which formulas you should prioritize memorizing (the ones that are needed for multiple questions) and which ones you should memorize only when you've got everything else nailed down tight. Already Feeling Overwhelmed? Does the prospect of memorizing a bunch of formulas make you want to run for the hills? We've all been there, but don't throw in the towel just yet! The good news about the ACT is that it is designed to give all test-takers a chance to succeed. Many of you will already be familiar with most of these formulas from your math classes. The formulas that show up on the test the most will also be most familiar to you. Formulas that are only needed for one or two questions on the test will be least familiar to you. For example, the equation of a circle and logarithm formulas only ever show up as one question on most ACT math tests. If you’re going for every point, go ahead and memorize them. But if you feel overwhelmed with formula lists, don’t worry about it- it’s only one question. So let’s look at all the formulas you absolutely must know before test day (as well as one or two that you can figure out yourself instead of memorizing yet another formula). Algebra Linear Equations Functions There will be at least five to six questions on linear equations and functions on every ACT test, so this is a very important section to know. Slope Slope is the measure of how a line changes. It’s expressed as: the change along the y-axis/the change along the x-axis, or $\rise/\run$. Given two points, $A(x_1,y_1)$, $B(x_2,y_2)$, find the slope of the line that connects them: $$(y_2 - y_1)/(x_2 - x_1)$$ Slope-Intercept Form A linear equation is written as $y=mx+b$ m is the slope and b is the y-intercept (the point of the line that crosses the y-axis) A line that passes through the origin (y-axis at 0), is written as $y=mx$ If you get an equation that is NOT written this way (i.e. $mx−y=b$), re-write it into $y=mx+b$ Midpoint Formula Given two points, $A(x_1,y_1)$, $B(x_2,y_2)$, find the midpoint of the line that connects them: $$((x_1 + x_2)/2, (y_1 + y_2)/2)$$ Good to Know Distance Formula Find the distance between the two points $$√{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}$$ You don’t actually need this formula, as you can simply graph your points and then create a right triangle from them. The distance will be the hypotenuse, which you can find via the pythagorean theorem Logarithms There will usually only be one question on the test involving logarithms. If you’re worried about having to memorize too many formulas, don’t worry about logs unless you’re trying for a perfect score. $log_bx$ asks â€Å"to what power does b have to be raised to result in x?† Most of the time on the ACT, you’ll just need to know how to re-write logs $$log_bx=y = b^y=x$$ $$log_bxy=log_bx+log_by$$ $$log_b{x/y} = log_bx - log_by$$ Statistics and Probability Averages The average is the same thing as the mean Find the average/mean of a set of terms (numbers) $$\Mean = {\sum\of\the\terms}/{\the\number(\amount)\of\different\terms}$$ Find the average speed $$\Speed = {\total\distance}/{\total\time}$$ May the odds be ever in your favor. Probabilities Probability is a representation of the odds of something happening. A probability of 1 is guaranteed to happen. A probability of 0 will never happen. $${\Probabilityâ€Å'\ofâ€Å'\anâ€Å'\outcomeâ€Å'\happening}={\numberâ€Å'\ofâ€Å'\desiredâ€Å'\outcomes}/{\total\number\of\possible\outcomes}$$ Probability of two independent outcomes both happening is $$\Probabilityâ€Å'\ofâ€Å'\eventâ€Å'\A*\probabilityâ€Å'\ofâ€Å'\event\B$$ e.g., Event A has a probability of $1/4$ and event B has a probability of $1/8$. The probability of both events happening is: $1/4 * 1/8 = 1/32$. There is a 1 in 32 chance of both events A and event B happening. Combinations The possible amount of different combinations of a number of different elements A â€Å"combination† means the order of the elements doesn’t matter (i.e. a fish entree and a diet soda is the same thing as a diet soda and a fish entree) Possible combinations = number of element A * number of element B * number of element C†¦. e.g. In a cafeteria, there are 3 different dessert options, 2 different entree options, and 4 drink options. How many different lunch combinations are possible, using one drink, one, dessert, and one entree? The total combinations possible = 3 * 2 * 4 = 24 Percentages Find x percent of a given number n $$n(x/100)$$ Find out what percent a number n is of another number m $$(100n)/m$$ Find out what number n is x percent of $$(100n)/x$$ The ACT is a marathon. Remember to take a break sometimes and enjoy the good things in life. Puppies make everything better. Geometry Rectangles Area $$\Area=lw$$ l is the length of the rectangle w is the width of the rectangle Perimeter $$\Perimeter=2l+2w$$ Rectangular Solid Volume $$\Volume = lwh$$ h is the height of the figure Parallelogram An easy way to get the area of a parallelogram is to drop down two right angles for heights and transform it into a rectangle. Then solve for h using the pythagorean theorem Area $$\Area=lh$$ (This is the same as a rectangle’s lw. In this case the height is the equivalent of the width) Triangles Area $$\Area = {1/2}bh$$ b is the length of the base of triangle (the edge of one side) h is the height of the triangle The height is the same as a side of the 90 degree angle in a right triangle. For non-right triangles, the height will drop down through the interior of the triangle, as shown in the diagram. Pythagorean Theorem $$a^2 + b^2 = c^2$$ In a right triangle, the two smaller sides (a and b) are each squared. Their sum is the equal to the square of the hypotenuse (c, longest side of the triangle) Properties of Special Right Triangle: Isosceles Triangle An isosceles triangle has two sides that are equal in length and two equal angles opposite those sides. An isosceles right triangle always has a 90 degree angle and two 45 degree angles. The side lengths are determined by the formula: x, x, x√2, with the hypotenuse (side opposite 90 degrees) having a length of one of the smaller sides * √2. E.g., An isosceles right triangle may have side lengths of 12, 12, and 12√2. Properties of Special Right Triangle: 30, 60, 90 Degree Triangle A 30, 60, 90 triangle describes the degree measures of its three angles. The side lengths are determined by the formula: x, x√3, and 2x. The side opposite 30 degrees is the smallest, with a measurement of x. The side opposite 60 degrees is the middle length, with a measurement of x√3. The side opposite 90 degree is the hypotenuse, with a length of 2x. For example, a 30-60-90 triangle may have side lengths of 5, 5√3, and 10. Trapezoids Area Take the average of the length of the parallel sides and multiply that by the height. $$\Area = [(\parallel\side\a + \parallel\side\b)/2]h$$ Often, you are given enough information to drop down two 90 angles to make a rectangle and two right triangles. You’ll need this for the height anyway, so you can simply find the areas of each triangle and add it to the area of the rectangle, if you would rather not memorize the trapezoid formula. Trapezoids and the need for a trapezoid formula will be at most one question on the test. Keep this as a minimum priority if you're feeling overwhelmed. Circles Area $$\Area=Ï€r^2$$ Ï€ is a constant that can, for the purposes of the ACT, be written as 3.14 (or 3.14159) Especially useful to know if you don’t have a calculator that has a $Ï€$ feature or if you're not using a calculator on the test. r is the radius of the circle (any line drawn from the center point straight to the edge of the circle). Area of a Sector Given a radius and a degree measure of an arc from the center, find the area of that sector of the circle. Use the formula for the area multiplied by the angle of the arc divided by the total angle measure of the circle. $$Area\of\an\arc = (Ï€r^2)(\degree\measure\of\center\of\arc/360)$$ Circumference $$\Circumference=2Ï€r$$ or $$\Circumference=Ï€d$$ d is the diameter of the circle. It is a line that bisects the circle through the midpoint and touches two ends of the circle on opposite sides. It is twice the radius. Length of an Arc Given a radius and a degree measure of an arc from the center, find the length of the arc. Use the formula for the circumference multiplied by the angle of the arc divided by the total angle measure of the circle (360). $$\Circumference\of\an\arc = (2Ï€r)(\degree\measure\center\of\arc/360)$$ Example: A 60 degree arc has $1/6$ of the total circle's circumference because $60/360 = 1/6$ An alternative to memorizing the â€Å"formulas† for arcs is to just stop and think about arc circumferences and arc areas logically. If you know the formulas for the area/circumference of a circle and you know how many degrees are in a circle, put the two together. If the arc spans 90 degrees of the circle, it must be $1/4$th the total area/circumference of the circle, because $360/90 = 4$. If the arc is at a 45 degree angle, then it is $1/8$th the circle, because $360/45 = 8$. The concept is exactly the same as the formula, but it may help you to think of it this way instead of as a â€Å"formula† to memorize. Equation of a Circle Useful to get a quick point on the ACT, but don’t worry about memorizing it if you feel overwhelmed; it will only ever be worth one point. Given a radius and a center point of a circle $(h, k)$ $$(x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2$$ Cylinder $$\Volume=Ï€r^2h$$ Trigonometry Almost all the trigonometry on the ACT can be boiled down to a few basic concepts SOH, CAH, TOA Sine, cosine, and tangent are graph functions The sine, cosine, or tangent of an angle (theta, written as ÃŽËœ) is found using the sides of a triangle according to the mnemonic device SOH, CAH, TOA. Sine - SOH $$\Sineâ€Å' ÃŽËœ = \opposite/\hypotenuse$$ Opposite = the side of the triangle directly opposite the angle ÃŽËœ Hypotenuse = the longest side of the triangle Sometimes the ACT will make you manipulate this equation by giving you the sine and the hypotenuse, but not the measure of the opposite side. Manipulate it as you would any algebraic equation: $Sine ÃŽËœ = \opposite/\hypotenuse$ = $\hypotenuse * \sine ÃŽËœ = \opposite$ Cosine - CAH $$\Cosine ÃŽËœ = \adjacent/\hypotenuse$$ Adjacent = the side of the triangle nearest the angle ÃŽËœ (that creates the angle) that is not the hypotenuse Hypotenuse = the longest side of the triangle Tangent - TOA $$\Tangentâ€Å' ÃŽËœ = \opposite/\adjacent$$ Opposite = the side of the triangle directly opposite the angle ÃŽËœ Adjacent = the side of the triangle nearest the angle ÃŽËœ (that creates the angle) that is not the hypotenuse Cosecant, Secant, Cotangent Cosecant is the reciprocal of sine $\Cosecantâ€Å' ÃŽËœ = \hypotenuse/\opposite$ Secant is the reciprocal of cosine $\Secantâ€Å' ÃŽËœ = \hypotenuse/\adjacent$ Cotangent is the reciprocal of tangent $\Cotangentâ€Å' ÃŽËœ = \adjacent/\opposite$ Useful Formulas to Know$$\Sin^2ÃŽËœ + \Cos^2ÃŽËœ = 1$$ $${\Sin ÃŽËœ}/{\Cos ÃŽËœ} = \Tan ÃŽËœ$$ Hurray! You've memorized your formulas. Now treat yo' self. But Keep in Mind Though these are all the formulas you should memorize to do well on the ACT math section, this list by no means covers all aspects of the mathematical knowledge you’ll need on the exam. For example, you’ll also need to know your exponent rules, how to FOIL, and how to solve for absolute values. To learn more about the general mathematical topics covered by the test, see our article on what's actually tested on the ACT math section. What's Next? Now that you know the critical formulas for the ACT, it might be time to check out our article on How to an Perfect Score on the ACT Math by a 36 ACT-Scorer. Don't know where to start?Look no further than our article onwhat is considered a good, bad, or excellent ACT score. Want to improve your score by 4+ points? Our completely online and customized prep program adapts to your strengths, weaknesses, and needs. And we guarantee your money back if you don't improve your score by 4points or more. Sign up for your free trial today. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today: